INTRODUCTION:

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women throughout the world.¹ Breast is the important organ for each women as these are the symbol of motherhood and women hood.² Breast self-examination is one of the simple, quick and cost-free procedures for early detection of breast cancer among women. The incidence of breast cancer is rising in every country of the world especially in developing countries such as india.³ Breast self-examination is an important screening measure for detecting breast cancer among women; those who correctly practiced breast self-examination monthly can detect a lump in early stage of its development and treated for a better survival rate.⁴

Recommended preventive techniques to reduce breast cancer mortality and morbidity include breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography.⁵ Breast self-examination benefits women in two ways: women become familiar with both the appearance and the feel of their breast and detect any changes in their breasts as early as possible.⁶

The investigator during her female medical ward posting observed that many adult women were not aware about breast self-examination. So educating the adult women regarding breast self-examination in a view to prevent the breast illness in the advancing age.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of video teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adult women in selected hospitals in Kanyakumari district.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

· To assess the level of knowledge of adult women regarding breast self-examination before video teaching programme.

· To evaluate the effectiveness of video teaching program on the level of knowledge of adult women regarding breast self-examination before video teaching programme.

· To associate the pre test level of knowledge on breast self-examination among adult women with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:

H₁: There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination among adult women.

H₂: There will be a significant association between the post-test level of knowledge on breast self-examination among adult women with selected demographic variables.

CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK:

This study is based on Von Bertalanffy general system theory. The main concept of the general system theory is input throughout and output. In this study the main purpose refers to improvement in knowledge among adult women regards breast self-examination.

MATERIALS (METHODS):

A quantitative approach with one group pretest posttest pre experimental research design was adopted to carry out the study.

Settings:

The study was conducted at Kanyakumari medical mission Neyyoor with 600 beds hospital with all emergency equipments and facilities are available.

Sample:

The sample consisted of 60 adult women admitted in Kanyakumari medical mission Neyyoor Hospital.

Sampling method:

Purposive sampling was used to select the sample. Adult women who met the inclusion criteria were selected.

Inclusion criteria for sample selection:

Adult women who:

· Can understand and speak Tamil.

· Were willing to participate in this study.

Measures:

The tool consisted of two sections. Section I addressed the demographic variables of adult women. Section II addressed the knowledge questionnaire on breast self-examination was prepared by the investigator after extensive review of literature and discussion with the experts in nursing and medical field.

Validity:

Content validity was determined by obtaining the opinion of experts from medical nursing and statistical field. A pilot study was done and the questionnaire was found to be relevant to the settings of the study.

Protection of the study participants:

The study was conducted after getting permission from the concerned authority in the Medical superintendent and head of the department of Kanyakumari Medical mission Neyyoor. Oral permission was obtained from the adult women after explaining the purpose of the study.

Data collection procedure:

The data collection procedure was done for a period of 4 weeks. Sixty adult women were personally interviewed with prepared interview guide. Each day the researcher interviewed 5 to 6 patients based on the inclusion criteria. The data collections were done as follows:

Step 1: The questionnaire was given to adult women to obtain necessary data. Video teaching programme was given on the same day of conducting pretest. Video teaching programme was lasted for thirty minutes.

Step 2: Posttest administered after 3 days of video teaching programme. The same questionnaires were used to collect the posttest data. The scoring was done based on the scoring procedure.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Out of 60 participants majority of 34(56.66%) adult women were living in joint family and 26(43.33%) of them were living in nuclear family. With regard to the occupation 40(66.66%) adult women were house wife and 10(16.66%) in each were Cooley workers as well as workers of non medical profession. With regard to the source of information 27(45.00%) adult women were getting information through mass media and least of 10 (16.66%) of them were getting information through health personnel.

Data on pretest and posttest level of knowledge regarding breast self-examination (N=60)

S. No.	Level of knowledge	Adult women
		Pretest		Posttest
		F	%	f	%
1	Inadequate (0-50%)	50	83.33	-	-
2	Moderate (51-75%)	10	16.66	44	73.33
3	Adequate (76-100%)	-	-	16	26.66

The above table shows that the pretest majority of adult women 50(83.33%) had inadequate knowledge and only 10(16.66%) women had moderate knowledge. Whereas during post test all the women gained knowledge of which 44(73.3%) had moderate knowledge and 16 (26.66%) had adequate knowledge.

Effectiveness of video teaching programme on knowledge regarding breast self-examination (N=60)

Sl. No

Postnatal Adult women

Mean

S.D

M.D

t- value

Pre test

10.11

2.84

6.66

18.67*

Post test

16.78

3.08

Among 60 adult women the mean pretest score for knowledge was 10.11 with standard deviation 2.84. The mean posttest score of knowledge was 16.78 with standard deviation 3.08. The mean difference was 6.66. The data obtained t-value was 18.67*. It was inferred that the video teaching program was effective in improving the level of knowledge of adult women regarding breast self-examination.

Data on association between posttest level of knowledge with their demographic variables:

Significant association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables such as age (6.31), residence (6.270), and educational status (7.65) and there is no significant association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables such as type of family, occupation and source of information.

CONCLUSION:

The study finding reveals that video teaching programme helps to improve the knowledge and attitude of adult women regarding breast self-examination

The study also reveals that there is association with selected demographic variables such as age, residence and educational status and no association with some demographic variables such as type of family, occupation and source of information.

REFERENCE:

1. Hortobagyi GN, de la Garza Salazar J,Pritchard K, Amadori D, Haidinger R, Hudis CA, et al. The global breast cancer burden: Variations in epidemiology and survival. Clin Breast Cancer 2005;6:391-401.

2. Budden L,Young, “womens self-examination knowledge and practice, J Community Health Nurse” 1995: 12,23-32.

3. Sujindra E, Elamurugan T. Knowledge,attitude, and practice of breast self-examination in female nursing students. Int J Educ Psychol Res. 2015;1(2):71.

4. Ertem G, Kocer A. Breast self-examination among the nurses and midwives inodemis health district in Turkey. World journal of Indian J cancer 2009:208-13.

5. Humphrey LL, Helfand M Chan BK, Woolf SH. Breast cancer screening: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:347-60.

6. Karryurt O, Ozmen D, Centinkaya AC. Aeareness of breast cancer risk factors and practice of breast selfexamination among hoigh high school students in Turkey. BMC Public Health.2008;8:359.

Received on 02.10.2020 Modified on 06.11.2020

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2021; 9(1):101-103.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2021.00025.9